Pte Summarize Spoken Text 2022

1. Educational Leadership

Audio Text

My name is Bob Joss, I'm the dean of the Business School at Stanford University. On behalf of everyone from Stanford, we welcome you to this conference on education leadership. This is something relatively unheard of in higher education. I think, it’s where the business school gets together with the education school and talks about education leadership. The other purpose of Stanford University is to promote learning. The purpose of each school is for education to promote learning about education and for the business school to promote learning about management. Most of the world's business services are delivered by management institutions that are for profit manage institutions and not for profit manage institutions. We rely on managed institutions that are chosen instruments in society to get things done and implement services, particularly educational services, which are done by people on their own. However, they must realize that it is their own responsibility to achieve and accomplish, what others can do does not indicate what you are capable of. We want to make sure that here at Stanford, we're not only delivering the services.

Answer
The lecturer was discussing management and leadership at Stanford University. Leaders need to be dynamic and entrepreneurial change agents, but management is not enough. Therefore, the School of Education will focus on learning while the School of Business will focus on management. Besides this, Stanford commits to deliver services with good quality. As a result, individuals should be responsible for achievement and accomplishment through group work.

2. English

Audio Text

English, as you have already read, is not a pure language. I don’t think there really are any pure languages in the world. But English is definitely not a pure language. English, in fact, has borrowed from over 350 languages in its history. So it’s a variety of many languages. Some people say it’s like a dog, a mongrel dog, a dog that has been made up of many different dogs. The English language is like that. By looking at the history of the English language we learn about the history of the English people. The two things are closely connected. So, in fact, today we are not only learning about language but we are learning about history. The fact that English has borrowed words from over 350 languages has been viewed differently throughout history. So for example in Shakespeare’s time people were very angry about words which were not, they thought, original English words – words which came from other languages, they didn’t like them.

Answer.
There are no pure languages in the world and English is not a pure language because it has borrowed from over 350 languages. Also, there is an example that a dog has been composed of many different dogs. Moreover, people are not only learning about language but also the history. Furthermore, people in Shakespeare’s time were angry about words which were not original English words.

3. Sign language

Audio Text
So the topic for today is abstraction. And this is a very important layer of computer because you can't do anything with a computer unless you have a symbolic system in place. Right. So we're talking about the origin of symbolic systems. Language is a classic symbolic system. Apparently one theory for why language evolved is that people communicated with sign language and with movement quite well for a long time. And it turned out that they wanted to communicate even while they were doing things. So, while they were trying to strangle the dinosaur, not the dinosaurs, the rhinoceros, they wanted to say ""Come help me"" and they use sign language to do it. They had to let go the rhinoceros and the rhinoceros ran away. So you can see that it's a good idea to be able to do something with your hands and be able to communicate at the same time. Hence, words and language.

Answer.
This lecture mainly talks about the topic of abstraction which is an important layer of the computer. Firstly, language is a classic symbolic system and people communicate with sign language for a long time. Secondly, there is a case that people strangle the dinosaur using sign language. In conclusion, it is a great idea to communicate using both hands and language.

4. Australian Housing Price

Audio Text

Well, it’s like, why is Australian housing is so expensive? Essentially, it’s showing of how well the Australian economy has been doing over the last 15 years. We have had 15 years more or less of an uninterrupted economic growth during which average earning has been raised by close to 90 percent. While over the course of that period, the standard variable mortgage rate was halved. That meant that the amount which a typical home buying household can afford to borrow under rules which aren’t strictly applied as they used to be had more than doubled. Over the same period, rising immigration in falling average household size has meant that the number of households looking for accommodation has risen by about one and a half million. That’s around 200 thousand more than the number of dwellings has increased by. So you have had a substantial increase in the purchasing power of households. No net increase in the supply of housing enhance all that addition purchasing power has gone into pushing up the price of housing.

Answer.
The lecturer was discussing Australian housing prices. Showing how well the Australian has had 15 years of uninterrupted economic growth. Besides this, the standard variable mortgage rate was halved, which means a typical home buying household can afford to borrow more than doubled. Also, rising immigration leads to a substantial increase in the purchasing power of households, pushing up the price of housing.

5. Obese Women

Audio Text
Now we would like to look at a recent survey conducted by Canadian researchers on diet total 31 woman volunteered in the survey they have been told to participate in the exercise program without changing their diet after a careful observation the researchers found that some volunteers experienced a body fat change after six months from the day they have started the experiment the findings further stated that some lost significant amount fat which lead to decrease in body mass on the other hand there were others who did not lose fat at all the study concludes that there must be two explanations. those who did not lose weight must have eaten more and another factor is that it is because their psychological reason not to believe in losing fat.

Answer.
The lecturer was discussing an experiment on obese women. These women participated in the exercise program without changing their diet. As a result, some volunteers experienced a body fat change and some lost a significant amount of fat, while others did not lose fat at all. Therefore, those who did not lose weight must have eaten more or because of their psychological reason not to believe in losing fat.

6. Big Bang Theory

Audio Text
One of the most amazing things that’s happened even in my lifetime is the prediction of cosmology. When I started out forty odd years ago, we thought we knew that the universe began a big bang, some people doubted even then. We thought the universe was about ten or twenty billion years old. But now for really very sound scientific reasons we can say that the universe did started in a Big bang and it’s 13.8 billion years old. So it’s not 14, its not 13 because a decimal point in there and that’s a stunning achievement to know that. And we also know that the laws of physical that apply to tiny particles inside atoms also explains what happened in the big bang, you can’t have one without the other. A very neat example of this is that when you apply nuclear physics, that kind of physics to understand how stars work, you find out that the oldest star in the universe is about 13 billion years old. So their universe is just a little bit older than the stars. Fantastic, if we done it and counted in the other way around and said that the stars were older than the universe, we would say science were in deep trouble. But it’s not, everything fits together and we know how the universe began, we got to know how the way it is. The future that it ‘ll suspects we don’t know quiet well what’s going, but we got some ideas, which are as good as those ideas we had 40 years ago about how big bang happened.

Answer.
The lecturer was discussing Bing Bang Theory. The prediction of cosmology indicates the universe began a big bang, and it’s 13.8 billion years old. Besides this, the Laws of physical explains what happened in the big bang, which means the universe is just a little bit older than the stars. Therefore, although we cannot predict what’s going on in the future, we got some ideas.

7. Einstein

Audio Text
For thousands of years, philosophers and astronomers and thinkers of all sorts have imagined that the universe, the space around us was rather like this floor in front of us. It was fixed and unchangeable and things happen on it, just as people walk around. So the stars, the comets, and the planets, and the other heavenly bodies moved around and traced down their parts on this completely unchanging stage of space. In the 20th century, as the result of Einstein’s work, that view of the universe was completely transformed. We began to understand that there was no absolutely fixed stage of space at all on which all celestial notions were played out. But in some sense on the larger scale in the universe, the space itself was in this state of a continuous dynamic change. That was a prediction made by Einstein. However, Einstein was not the first person to propose the theory, and the theory was proposed by an astronomer called Hubble in the 1920s.

Answer.
The lecturer was discussing the universe and Einstein. Philosophers and astronomers imagined that space is unchangeable with the orbits. But Einstein made the view of the universe completely transformed. Therefore, we began to understand that there was no fixed stage of space. Besides this, space itself was in this state of a continuous dynamic change. However, Hubble was the first person to propose the theory.

............................................................................................

Most Repeated Exam items 

PTE Student